Natsu Dragneel

Natsu's earliest known childhood is tied to Igneel, the Fire Dragon King who raises him as a son. Igneel teaches Natsu language, survival skills and Fire Dragon Slayer Magic, transforming him into a mage capable of using a dragon's attributes in combat. Their relationship is parental rather than simply instructional; Natsu regards Igneel as his father and remembers his childhood with him as the foundation of his identity.

Igneel eventually disappears on July 7, X777. Natsu does not understand why and begins searching for him, treating reports of dragons as possible leads. This search eventually brings him into the Fairy Tail guild, where Makarov Dreyar and the other members provide him with another family. Natsu grows up alongside young mages including Gray Fullbuster, Erza Scarlet and Mirajane Strauss, developing relationships characterized by competition, fighting and fierce loyalty.

During his childhood in Fairy Tail, Natsu finds an unusual egg with Lisanna Strauss. The creature that hatches from it is Happy, an Exceed who becomes Natsu's closest traveling companion. Natsu and Happy subsequently operate almost inseparably, taking guild jobs together and searching for information about Igneel.

At the beginning of the main story, Natsu hears that a man calling himself Salamander may be a Dragon Slayer and travels to Hargeon hoping the stranger is connected to Igneel. The supposed Salamander is actually Bora, a criminal mage using Fairy Tail's name to lure women onto his ship. Natsu's intervention brings him into contact with Lucy Heartfilia, a Celestial Spirit Mage hoping to join Fairy Tail.

After defeating Bora, Natsu brings Lucy to the guild. Their meeting develops into a regular partnership, eventually joined by Gray, Erza and later other allies commonly associated with Team Natsu.

Natsu's history is eventually revealed to extend roughly four centuries into the past. He was originally born as the younger brother of Zeref Dragneel and died as a young child during a dragon attack that also killed their parents. Zeref later restored him through Etherious research, creating E.N.D.—Etherious Natsu Dragneel—in an attempt to produce a being capable of killing him.

Natsu subsequently became part of a plan involving Igneel and other dragons. Alongside the other first-generation Dragon Slayers, he was sent through the Eclipse Gate from four hundred years in the past to the future, with the dragons concealed within their respective children to suppress dragonification and eventually confront Acnologia. Natsu himself grows up without conscious knowledge of this history.

Natsu is energetic, confrontational and highly competitive. He enjoys fighting powerful opponents and frequently challenges fellow guild members without requiring a serious dispute to provoke him. His rivalry with Gray produces constant arguments and physical fights, while Erza's presence is often enough to stop both of them immediately.

He approaches problems directly and has little patience for elaborate social maneuvering. Natsu is not academically inclined, and complicated explanations can lose his attention quickly, but this should not be confused with an inability to think during combat. His instincts in battle are highly developed, and he regularly discovers unconventional ways to counter unfamiliar magic after experiencing it firsthand.

His attachment to Fairy Tail is among his defining traits. Natsu treats the guild as family rather than an organization that provides employment. Insults or attacks directed at its members can provoke far greater anger than threats against him personally, and he readily takes serious risks to rescue people he considers companions.

Natsu can be insensitive to ordinary boundaries, particularly around Lucy. He enters her home without permission, takes food, disrupts her personal space and behaves as though her apartment is an extension of his own surroundings. At the same time, he demonstrates deep trust in her and reacts immediately when she is endangered or emotionally distressed.

He possesses an unusually uncomplicated willingness to accept people after conflicts have ended. Former enemies can become comrades if he believes their intentions have genuinely changed. This trait reflects Fairy Tail's broader tendency to provide belonging to people carrying difficult pasts.

His optimism does not prevent intense anger. Natsu is particularly affected by cruelty toward friends, abuse of vulnerable people and opponents who treat bonds as weaknesses. Once provoked, he often becomes more focused rather than less effective, channeling anger directly into combat.

Motion sickness is his most consistent physical vulnerability outside battle. As a Dragon Slayer, Natsu eventually becomes severely nauseated when riding vehicles, including wagons, trains, ships and other forms of transportation. He generally does not experience the same reaction when riding Happy, whom he considers a companion rather than transportation.

Natsu is a lean, muscular young man with distinctive spiky pink hair and dark eyes. His physique develops through constant physical combat, but he remains built more for mobility than the massive frame associated with some of the series' heavier fighters.

His best-known article of clothing is a white scale-patterned scarf given to him by Igneel. Natsu places enormous emotional value on the scarf because it is one of the clearest physical connections to the dragon who raised him.

His standard clothing varies through the series but commonly includes a sleeveless dark vest, light trousers, sandals and the scarf. The exposed arms suit his hand-to-hand fighting style and make the flames surrounding his punches visually prominent.

Natsu bears the Fairy Tail guild mark on his right shoulder. The mark identifies the organization he considers his family and remains one of the most consistent elements of his appearance even as his clothes change.

After training periods and major time skips, Natsu's physique becomes more defined and his clothing receives several revisions without substantially changing his overall silhouette. Pink hair, scarf, guild mark and flame-covered fists remain the principal visual identifiers.

Certain advanced states temporarily alter his appearance. Dragon Force gives him more pronounced dragon-like characteristics, while later manifestations connected to his demonic origins produce changes associated with the dormant Etherious power within him.

Natsu practices Fire Dragon Slayer Magic, an ancient form of Lost Magic taught directly by Igneel. It gives his body properties associated with a fire dragon and allows him to generate flames from his lungs, fists, feet and other parts of his body.

The magic also allows him to consume external fire. Eating flames can restore magical energy and increase his fighting capacity, although Natsu normally cannot consume fire produced directly by himself. Different sources of flame can also affect his power in unusual ways.

Dragon Slayer Magic enhances more than his attacks. Natsu possesses extraordinary smell, hearing, durability, endurance and physical strength. His sense of smell can track individuals across large areas and distinguish people or magical signatures with impressive precision.

His basic hand-to-hand ability is substantial even without flames. Natsu favors punches, kicks, tackles and close-range combinations, using magical fire to amplify physical attacks instead of fighting from a safe distance.

He possesses exceptional endurance. Natsu continues fighting after severe injuries, magical exhaustion and punishment that incapacitates less durable mages. Emotional motivation—particularly the need to protect friends—frequently allows him to push through conditions that would otherwise stop him.

Dragon Force represents one of the highest states available to Dragon Slayers. It dramatically increases Natsu's physical and magical abilities and causes him to exhibit more dragon-like traits. Early in the series, he requires extraordinary external magical sources to enter the state, but he later gains greater control over accessing it.

Natsu can temporarily integrate power obtained from other magical sources. During the battle against Hades, for example, he receives lightning from Laxus Dreyar and develops Lightning Fire Dragon Mode, combining lightning with his existing flames.

After accessing the remaining power left within him by Igneel, Natsu develops Fire Dragon King Mode, generating flames powerful enough to threaten opponents operating at the highest levels of the series. The initial reservoir inherited from Igneel is finite, though Natsu later continues using techniques associated with the Fire Dragon King's power through his own magic.

Natsu's Etherious nature becomes increasingly relevant during the Alvarez conflict. His connection to E.N.D. creates a potential path distinct from Dragon Slayer Magic, although Natsu ultimately rejects being defined exclusively as either dragon or demon and insists upon his identity as Natsu Dragneel.

In Fairy Tail: 100 Years Quest, Natsu encounters dragons and Dragon Gods operating at levels beyond most enemies faced in the original series. His fire continues developing through these battles, with temporary power sources and extreme emotional states allowing him to damage enemies whose magical reserves vastly exceed ordinary human mages.

Fire Dragon's Roar allows Natsu to inhale before releasing a concentrated torrent of fire from his mouth. It is one of his most frequently used ranged attacks and directly imitates a dragon's breath weapon.

Fire Dragon's Iron Fist surrounds his fist in flames before delivering a close-range punch. The technique combines his physical strength with explosive heat.

Fire Dragon's Wing Attack coats both arms in fire and sweeps them through opponents, creating a broad wing-like attack useful against multiple targets.

Fire Dragon's Claw channels flames through Natsu's feet, strengthening kicks and sometimes providing additional propulsion.

Fire Dragon's Sword Horn covers his body in flames as he charges headfirst into an opponent, turning his momentum into a powerful impact.

Fire Dragon's Brilliant Flame creates fire in both hands before bringing the flames together in a concentrated explosion.

Fire Dragon's Flame Elbow produces fire from his elbow to accelerate a punch, using magical propulsion to increase impact.

Crimson Lotus: Fire Dragon's Fist unleashes a rapid series of flame-enhanced punches, overwhelming opponents through repeated close-range impacts.

Crimson Lotus: Exploding Flame Blade produces rotating streams of fire around Natsu's arms before striking with an explosive combination.

Crimson Lotus: Phoenix Blade concentrates immense fire around Natsu as he drives himself directly through an opponent in a powerful finishing charge.

Dragon God's Brilliant Flame combines two different types of fire after Natsu consumes Zancrow's God Slayer flames, producing an unusually powerful attack.

Lightning Fire Dragon's Roar combines fire and lightning in a Dragon Slayer breath attack after Natsu acquires Lightning Fire Dragon Mode.

Lightning Fire Dragon's Firing Hammer combines his lightning-enhanced state with a powerful close-range strike.

Fire Dragon King Mode channels techniques modeled on or derived from Igneel's extraordinary flames.

Fire Dragon King's Destruction Fist concentrates Fire Dragon King flames around Natsu's fist for an exceptionally destructive strike.

Fire Dragon King's Roar is a strengthened breath attack using Fire Dragon King flames rather than his ordinary fire.

Purgatory Slashing Dragon Fire produces an extremely intense dragon-shaped flame attack and represents one of the higher-level applications of his Fire Dragon Slayer Magic.

Happy is Natsu's closest constant companion. Natsu Dragneel helps care for the egg from which Happy hatches, and the two subsequently grow up together within Fairy Tail. Happy travels on almost every major job with Natsu, carries him through the air using Aera and understands his habits better than nearly anyone else.

Lucy Heartfilia meets Natsu in Hargeon after he mistakes a report about "Salamander" for a possible lead on Igneel. Natsu Dragneel exposes Lucy Heartfilia's encounter with Bora, defeats the impostor and brings Lucy to Fairy Tail, beginning one of his most important partnerships.

Natsu Dragneel and Lucy Heartfilia complete numerous jobs together and gradually develop exceptional mutual trust. Natsu frequently enters Lucy's home without permission and involves her in dangerous adventures, but he also responds intensely whenever she is threatened. Lucy, in turn, becomes one of the people most capable of understanding his emotional attachment to Igneel and Fairy Tail.

Their relationship contains sustained romantic subtext without being formally defined for most of the original series. Later material, including Fairy Tail: 100 Years Quest, continues developing their emotional intimacy and jealousy around potential romantic rivals without immediately resolving the relationship into a conventional declared couple.

Gray Fullbuster is Natsu's principal guild rival. Natsu Dragneel and Gray Fullbuster have fought constantly since childhood, with fire and ice magic naturally reinforcing their competitive relationship. The hostility is mostly superficial; each immediately risks himself when the other is genuinely endangered.

The Alvarez conflict temporarily weaponizes deeper forces behind that rivalry when Gray's Devil Slayer Magic and Natsu's E.N.D.-related power push them into a genuinely dangerous confrontation. Their bond with the rest of Fairy Tail ultimately matters more than the forces driving them against each other.

Erza Scarlet is both teammate and disciplinary authority in Natsu's eyes. Natsu Dragneel frequently wants to challenge Erza Scarlet, but her anger can terrify both him and Gray into immediate cooperation.

Natsu nevertheless trusts Erza completely in battle. Their childhood together establishes a sibling-like bond in which constant arguments coexist with absolute confidence that the other will answer when Fairy Tail is threatened.

Igneel raises Natsu and teaches him Fire Dragon Slayer Magic. Natsu Dragneel spends years searching for Igneel after the dragon disappears, and the mystery surrounding his foster father's absence drives much of his early personal motivation.

Igneel is eventually revealed to have been sealed inside Natsu, having traveled with him through the Eclipse Gate while suppressing the Dragon Seed that could transform his adopted son into a dragon. Igneel emerges during Acnologia's attack and is killed fighting him, leaving Natsu determined to carry his father's memory forward.

Zeref Dragneel initially appears to Natsu as the legendary Black Wizard connected to many of Fairy Tail's greatest threats. Natsu Dragneel is instinctively hostile toward Zeref Dragneel, while Zeref responds to him with an unsettling familiarity that Natsu cannot initially explain.

Zeref is Natsu's biological older brother. After Natsu died as a child, Zeref's desperate attempts to restore him culminated in the creation of E.N.D., making Natsu simultaneously his resurrected brother and the Etherious intended eventually to kill him.

Makarov Dreyar becomes a parental authority after Natsu joins Fairy Tail. Natsu Dragneel regularly ignores Makarov Dreyar's concerns about property destruction and guild discipline, yet regards the guild master with deep affection.

Lisanna Strauss is one of Natsu's closest childhood friends. Natsu Dragneel and Lisanna Strauss raise Happy's egg together and spend considerable time imagining themselves as a makeshift family.

Gajeel Redfox begins as a hostile Dragon Slayer associated with Phantom Lord. Natsu Dragneel later accepts Gajeel Redfox as a Fairy Tail member, and their relationship develops into another competitive rivalry based on both being first-generation Dragon Slayers.

Wendy Marvell shares Natsu's first-generation Dragon Slayer background. Natsu Dragneel quickly becomes protective of Wendy Marvell, while their shared connection to dragons eventually proves much deeper than either initially understands.

Laxus Dreyar is another powerful Fairy Tail Dragon Slayer whom Natsu repeatedly wants to defeat. Natsu Dragneel's rivalry with Laxus Dreyar gradually becomes mutual respect as Laxus changes his relationship with the guild.

Laxus later transfers lightning magic to Natsu during the battle with Hades, enabling Lightning Fire Dragon Mode and permanently adding one of Natsu's most recognizable secondary power states.

Sting Eucliffe and Rogue Cheney initially see Natsu and Gajeel as representatives of an older Dragon Slayer generation they intend to surpass. Natsu Dragneel's performance against them during the Grand Magic Games profoundly changes how both view Fairy Tail's Dragon Slayers.

Acnologia is one of the most important enemies connected to Natsu's Dragon Slayer heritage. Natsu Dragneel's history with Acnologia becomes personal through the dragons who raised the first-generation Dragon Slayers.

Acnologia kills Igneel during their confrontation, giving Natsu a direct personal reason to defeat him beyond the threat he poses to the world. Natsu ultimately participates with the other Dragon Slayers in the final confrontation against him.

Ignia becomes important during the 100 Years Quest. Ignia is Igneel's biological son and therefore has an unusual connection to Natsu Dragneel, whom Igneel raised as his human son.

Ignia seeks to push Natsu toward greater strength and treats their eventual confrontation as something inevitable. His relationship with Natsu also challenges the meaning of their shared connection to Igneel, since one is the dragon's biological child and the other the son he personally raised.

Natsu enters the story searching for Igneel and accidentally exposes Bora's criminal operation in Hargeon. Bringing Lucy into Fairy Tail establishes the basic partnership through which many early guild jobs are experienced.

The Eisenwald, Galuna Island and Phantom Lord conflicts establish his central pattern as a fighter. Natsu often begins at a disadvantage against unfamiliar magic, absorbs information through combat and eventually finds an approach capable of overcoming the opponent.

The Tower of Heaven places him directly inside Erza's past. His battle with Jellal Fernandes also provides one of his earliest major transformations after he consumes Etherion energy and enters Dragon Force.

During the Battle of Fairy Tail, Natsu fights to protect the guild from internal conflict involving Laxus. The arc emphasizes that he considers Fairy Tail itself more important than individual rivalry.

The Oración Seis and Edolas storylines broaden his relationships with other Dragon Slayers and alternate-world counterparts. Wendy joins Fairy Tail, while Edolas establishes the existence of another Natsu whose temperament differs sharply from his Earth-land counterpart.

Tenrou Island pushes Team Natsu against Grimoire Heart and eventually Acnologia. Natsu's battles with Zancrow and Hades introduce new applications of his ability to consume and combine external magic.

After the seven-year absence caused by Fairy Sphere, Natsu returns to a world in which Fairy Tail has declined dramatically. The Grand Magic Games then becomes both a competitive tournament and an opportunity for the guild to reclaim its reputation.

The Eclipse crisis expands the mystery surrounding dragons and Dragon Slayers. Natsu fights alongside other Dragon Slayers against dragons entering the present era and continues searching for answers about why Igneel disappeared.

Tartaros brings that search to its central turning point. Igneel emerges from within Natsu during the battle against Acnologia, revealing that the dragon had been inside his foster son rather than simply missing somewhere in the world. Igneel's subsequent death becomes one of Natsu's greatest personal losses.

After Fairy Tail temporarily disbands, Natsu spends a year training with Happy. He returns substantially stronger and begins reuniting the scattered guild members.

The Alvarez Empire conflict connects the various mysteries surrounding Natsu, Zeref, E.N.D., the Dragon Slayers and Acnologia. Natsu learns that Zeref is his brother and that he himself is E.N.D., while the apparent conflict between his human attachments, demon origin and dragon-related power threatens to determine his identity for him.

Lucy eventually rewrites portions of the Book of E.N.D. as it begins disappearing with Zeref's defeat, helping sever Natsu's existence from the book. Natsu rejects the binary choice between becoming a dragon or demon and identifies himself simply as human—Natsu Dragneel of Fairy Tail.

The original series concludes with Natsu, Lucy, Happy, Gray, Erza, Wendy and Carla embarking on the legendary 100 Years Quest, an assignment that has remained incomplete for generations.

The sequel Fairy Tail: 100 Years Quest follows this mission directly. The team travels to Guiltina and accepts the task of dealing with the Five Dragon Gods, beings whose strength is described as comparable with Acnologia's.

Natsu's battles against Dragon Gods increasingly connect his present identity with Igneel's family and the larger dragon history surrounding Guiltina, particularly through Ignia.

Natsu begins as someone whose personal direction appears simple: find Igneel, take jobs and enjoy fighting. Fairy Tail already functions as his family, so he does not initially undergo the kind of search for belonging experienced by several other guild members.

His development instead comes from expanding what those bonds require of him. Natsu repeatedly discovers that protecting friends is not always equivalent to defeating the strongest enemy immediately; he must trust teammates to fight their own battles and accept help when his own strength is insufficient.

Lucy becomes particularly important in this regard. Natsu begins by effectively dragging her into Fairy Tail and subsequent adventures, but their partnership develops until he relies upon her judgment and emotional presence as naturally as he relies on Happy.

His rivalry with Gray also changes. Childhood competition never completely disappears, but repeated shared crises make clear that their fighting is built on intimacy rather than hatred.

The search for Igneel matures alongside Natsu himself. Early Natsu imagines finding his missing father and simply resuming the relationship interrupted in X777. Discovering that Igneel had been with him all along, followed immediately by losing him permanently to Acnologia, forces Natsu to continue without the reunion that motivated years of searching.

The revelation of E.N.D. presents a different identity crisis. Natsu learns that his existence originates in Zeref's attempt to resurrect a dead brother and create a demon capable of killing him. Rather than allowing that origin to determine who he is, Natsu defines himself through the life and relationships he personally experienced.

This distinction becomes central to his characterization. Igneel may have made him a Dragon Slayer, Zeref may have restored his body, and ancient plans may have sent him through time, but Natsu ultimately considers Fairy Tail and his own choices the meaningful basis of identity.

The 100 Years Quest extends that growth by confronting Natsu with dragons powerful enough to reconnect him constantly to Igneel's legacy. Ignia in particular challenges him to grow through dragon power and destructive instinct, placing pressure on the balance Natsu previously established between inherited power and chosen identity.

The given name Natsu (ナツ) corresponds phonetically to the Japanese word natsu (夏), meaning summer. The association suits his Fire Dragon Slayer Magic and was deliberately useful to creator Hiro Mashima when naming a fire-based protagonist.

Mashima has used seasonal naming patterns elsewhere in his work. Haru Glory, protagonist of Rave Master, carries a name corresponding to "spring," while Natsu corresponds to "summer."

Dragneel is the surname used throughout official English material. Its resemblance to "dragon" reinforces Natsu's central association with Dragon Slayer Magic and Igneel, although the series does not provide an in-universe linguistic derivation of the surname.

The Japanese rendering is ナツ・ドラグニル (Natsu Doraguniru). Various older unofficial translations produced alternate spellings before "Dragneel" became standardized internationally.

The initials E.N.D. stand for Etherious Natsu Dragneel, revealing that the name Natsu Dragneel predates his conscious life with Igneel and is directly tied to the identity Zeref gave his resurrected brother.

• Natsu's official age has deliberately remained unspecified in core character material rather than being assigned a confirmed numerical value.

• His scarf was given to him by Igneel and remains one of his most treasured possessions.

• Natsu's Fairy Tail guild mark is located on his right shoulder.

• He suffers extreme motion sickness, a trait associated with sufficiently developed Dragon Slayers.

• His heightened sense of smell is strong enough to identify and track individuals over considerable distances.

• Tetsuya Kakihara voices Natsu in Japanese, while Todd Haberkorn provides his best-known English voice.

• Natsu was originally conceived differently in early development material before Hiro Mashima settled on the pink-haired Fire Dragon Slayer used in the serialized manga.

• His epithet Salamander is connected to his fire magic and becomes important from the first chapter, where Bora falsely uses the same name.

Natsu is the principal male protagonist of the television adaptation of Fairy Tail. Tetsuya Kakihara voices him in Japanese and Todd Haberkorn performs the role in the widely distributed English dub. The anime follows his adventures from the Hargeon encounter with Lucy through the conclusion of the Alvarez Empire conflict.

The television adaptation expands Natsu's adventures through anime-original episodes and arcs. Some place Team Natsu in conflicts absent from Hiro Mashima's manga, while others extend interactions between guild members that receive less space in the source material.

Natsu appears in Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess, joining Lucy and the rest of the team in protecting Éclair. The film features an original story supervised by Mashima and uses Natsu's established Dragon Slayer abilities in a conflict built specifically for the theatrical production.

He also appears in Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry, where Team Natsu travels to the kingdom of Stella after the Dragon Cry staff is stolen. The film contains imagery and transformations connected to Natsu's unusual nature, tying its original conflict more closely to mysteries developed late in the manga.

The anime adaptation of Fairy Tail: 100 Years Quest continues his story after the original anime's ending, with Team Natsu traveling to Guiltina to undertake the century-old mission.

Natsu is playable in numerous Fairy Tail video games. Koei Tecmo and Gust's 2020 Fairy Tail RPG makes him one of the principal party members, adapting several major arcs through turn-based battles built around guild teams and character-specific magic.

He returns in Fairy Tail 2, which focuses heavily on the Alvarez Empire Arc and provides playable interpretations of late-series abilities and battles.

Natsu has also appeared in crossover games involving characters from Weekly Shōnen Magazine properties, reflecting his position as one of the magazine's most recognizable modern action protagonists.

Natsu has remained one of the most recognizable characters associated with Fairy Tail, appearing at the center of manga covers, anime advertising, films, games and franchise collaborations. His pink hair, white scarf and flame-covered fists create a visual identity that can be recognized independently of the larger guild cast.

Reader response to him has historically been tied closely to the ensemble structure of the series. Natsu occupies the protagonist position without monopolizing every major conflict; Lucy, Erza, Gray, Wendy, Gajeel and numerous other guild members receive independent battles and storylines while Natsu remains the connective frontline figure.

His relationship with Lucy has generated especially sustained audience interest. Their partnership begins in the first chapter and continues through virtually every major era of the story, making "Natsu and Lucy" one of the franchise's most discussed interpersonal pairings even while the original manga avoids resolving it through an early conventional romance.

Natsu's appeal as a fighter rests on a simple ability with unusually broad applications. Fire Dragon Slayer Magic is easy to understand at first—he creates and eats fire—but changing flame sources, Dragon Force, Lightning Fire Dragon Mode and Fire Dragon King techniques allow the fighting style to expand without discarding its original identity.

The mystery surrounding Igneel also gives his early simplicity a longer narrative function. A loud young mage searching for his missing dragon father gradually becomes connected to the deepest historical questions surrounding Dragon Slayers, Zeref, Acnologia and the Eclipse Gate.

The E.N.D. revelation recontextualizes the protagonist without replacing the personality readers have followed. Natsu's origin is extraordinary, but the conclusion of that conflict emphasizes that origin alone does not determine identity; the relationships and choices accumulated during his life in Fairy Tail matter more to him than the purpose for which his body was recreated.

The 100 Years Quest continues testing that conclusion by confronting Natsu with enemies tied directly to dragon history and Igneel's bloodline. His struggle with Ignia therefore extends one of his longest-running questions: whether the extraordinary powers inherited from dragons will dictate what he becomes, or remain tools used by the person Fairy Tail helped him choose to be.